Monday, May 5, 2008

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

AKA Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal

Born: 5-Apr-1947
Birthplace: Manila, Philippines


Gender: Female
Race or Ethnicity: Asian
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: President of the Philippines

Became president after Joseph Ejercito Estrada was forced from office.

Father: Diosdado Macapagal (President of the Philippines)
Mother: Evangelina Macaraeg
Husband: Jose Miguel Tuason Arroyo (m. 2-Aug-1968, two sons, one daughter)
Son: Juan Miguel (b. 1969)
Daughter: Evangelina Lourdes (b. 1971)
Son: Diosdado Ignacio Jose Maria (b. 1974)


High School: Assumption College Makati, Philippines (1964)
University: Georgetown University (two years)
University: MS Economics, Ateneo de Manila University
University: PhD Economics, University of the Philippines
Professor: University of the Philippines
Professor: Ateneo De Manila University


President of the Philippines 20-Jan-2001 to present

Joseph Ejercito Estrada

AKA Joseph Marcelo Ejercito

Born: 19-Apr-1937
Birthplace: Manila, Philippines


Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: Asian
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: Deposed president of the Philippines

Sentenced to life imprisonment for earlier plunder/bribery charges in 2007.

Father: Emilio Ejercito
Mother: Maria Marcelo
Wife: Dr. Luisa "Loi" Pimentel


University: Ateneo de Manila University (expelled)
University: Mapua Institute of Technology (dropped out)


President of the Philippines (30-Jun-1998 to 20-Jan-2001)
Bribery 2001 (convicted)
Embezzlement 2001 (convicted)
Perjury (acquitted)

http://www.nndb.com/people/920/000031827/

Fidel Ramos

AKA Fidel Valdez Ramos

Born: 18-Mar-1928
Birthplace: Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippines


Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: Asian
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: 12th President of the Philippines

Military service: Philippine Army (Korean War, Vietnam War)

Father: Narciso Ramos
Mother: Angela Valdez
Wife: Amelita Martinez (five daughters)


University: US Military Academy, West Point (1950)
University: Civil Engineering, University of Illinois
University: MBA, Ateneo de Manila University (1980)


President of the Philippines 30-Jun-1992 to 30-Jun-1998
Philippine Minister Defense
Club of Madrid
International Crisis Group Board

http://www.nndb.com/people/137/000098840/

Corazon Aquino

AKA Maria Corazon Cojuangco

Born: 25-Jan-1933
Birthplace: Manila, Philippines


Gender: Female
Race or Ethnicity: Other
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: Former housewife turned political widow

Father: José Cojuangco, Sr.
Husband: Benigno Aquino (Philippine Senator, m. 1955, five children, d. 1983 assassination)
Son: Benigno Aquino III (Philippine Congressman, b. 1960)
Daughter: Maria Elena
Daughter: Aurora
Daughter: Victoria
Daughter: Kristina Aquino (TV personality, b. 14-Feb-1971)


High School: Ravenhill Academy, Philadelphia, PA
High School: Notre Dame Convent School, New York
University: BA French, Mount St. Vincent College, New York (1953)
University: Far Eastern University, Philippines


President of the Philippines 25-Feb-1986 to 30-Jun-1992
Time Man of the Year 1986

http://www.nndb.com/people/654/000023585/

Ferdinand Marcos

AKA Ferdinand Edralin Marcos

Born: 11-Sep-1917
Birthplace: Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Died: 28-Sep-1989
Location of death: Honolulu, HI
Cause of death: Kidney failure
Remains: Mummified, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines


Gender: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
Race or Ethnicity: Asian
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: Disgraced Philippine dictator

Military service: Philippine Army

Sixth President of the 3rd Philippine Republic, term lasting December 30, 1965 until his ouster by "People Power" on February 25, 1986.

Father: Mariano R. Marcos
Mother: Josea Edralin (schoolteacher)
Wife: Imelda Marcos (m. 1954, two daughters, one son)
Daughter: Maris Imelda R. Marcos
Son: Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr.
Daughter: Maria Victoria Irene Marcos


High School: Prepatoray High School of the University of the Philippines (1934)
Law School: University of the Philippines


President of the Philippines
Upsilon Sigma Phi Fraternity
Murder convicted Nov-1939, overturned 1940
Exiled to Hawaii
Fraud 1988
Tax Evasion 1988
Embezzlement
Chinese Ancestry
Japanese Ancestry
Filipino Ancestry
Mummified

Diosdado Macapagal

Born: 28-Sep-1910
Birthplace: Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines
Died: 21-Apr-1997
Location of death: Makati Medical Center
Cause of death: Heart Failure
Remains: Buried, Libingan ng mga Bayani, Taguig, Manila, Philippines


Gender: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
Race or Ethnicity: Asian
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: 9th President of the Philippines

Father: Urbano Macapagal
Mother: Romana Pangan
Wife: (d. malnutrition WWII)
Wife: Evangelina Macaraeg
Daughter: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (President of the Philippines)


Law School: University of Santo Tomas (1936)


President of the Philippines 30-Dec-1961 to 30-Dec-1965

http://www.nndb.com/people/139/000098842/

Carlos P. Garcia

AKA Carlos Polestico Garcia

Born: 4-Nov-1896
Birthplace: Talibon, Bohol, Philippines
Died: 14-Jun-1971
Location of death: Quezon City, Philippines
Cause of death: Heart Failure


Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: 8th President of the Philippines

Father: Policronio Garcia (mayor)
Mother: Ambrosia Polistico


High School: Cebu Provincial High School
University: Silliman University, Dumaguete City (briefly)
Law School: Philippine Law School (1923)
Teacher: Bohol Provincial High School


President of the Philippines (23-Mar-1957 to 30-Dec-1961)
Philippine Minister Secretary of Foreign Affairs (1953-57)

Ramon Magsaysay

Born: 31-Aug-1907
Birthplace: Iba, Zambales, Philippines
Died: 17-Mar-1957
Location of death: Mt. Manunggal, Cebu, Philippines
Cause of death: Accident - Airplane


Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: Asian
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: 7th President of the Philippines

Military service: Philippine Army (31st Infantry); Western Luzon Guerilla Forces

Father: Exequiel Magsaysay (blacksmith)
Mother: Perfecta del Fierro (schoolteacher)
Wife: (three children)


High School: Zambales Academy
University: University of the Philippines
University: Commerce, Jose Rizal College (1933)


President of the Philippines 30-Dec-1953 to 17-Mar-1957
Philippine Minister Defense (resigned 1953)

http://www.nndb.com/people/143/000098846/

Elpidio Quirino

Born: 16-Nov-1890
Birthplace: Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Philippines
Died: 29-Feb-1956
Location of death: Manila, Philippines
Cause of death: Heart Failure


Gender: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
Race or Ethnicity: Multiracial
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: 6th President of the Philippines

Ilocano (paternal) and Spanish (maternal) descent.

Father: Mariano Quirino
Mother: Gregoria Rivera
Wife: Alicia Syquia (d. executed by Japanese during WWII)


High School: Vigan High School
High School: Manila High School (1911)
Law School: University of the Philippines


President of the Philippines 18-Apr-1948 to 30-Dec-1953
Philippine Minister Secretary of State

http://www.nndb.com/people/145/000098848/

Manuel Roxas

AKA Manuel Acuña Roxas

Born: 1-Jan-1892
Birthplace: Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Died: 15-Apr-1948
Location of death: Clark Air Base, Philippines
Cause of death: Heart Failure


Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: 5th President of the Philippines

Military service: Philippine Army (Liaison officer between US and Philippines)

Father: Gerardo Roxas (d. prior to Manuel's birth)
Mother: Rosario Acuña


Law School: University of the Philippines


President of the Philippines 28-May-1946 to 15-Apr-1948
Philippine Minister Secretary of Finance, 1938-41

http://www.nndb.com/people/147/000098850/

Sergio Osmeña

Born: 9-Sep-1878
Birthplace: Cebu City, Philippines
Died: 19-Oct-1961
Location of death: Manila, Philippines
Cause of death: unspecified
Remains: Buried, North Cemetery, Manila, Philippines


Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: Multiracial
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: 4th President of the Philippines

Co-Founder of the Nacionalista Party.

Editor of El Nuevo Día newspaper, from 1903.

Died at Veteran's Memorial Hospital in Quezon City, Manila.

Mother: Juana Osmeña y Suico
Son: Sergio Osmeña Jr. (Philippine Senator)


University: University of San Carlos (1892)
University: San Juan de Letran College, Manila


President of the Philippines 1-Aug-1944 to 28-May-1946

http://www.nndb.com/people/148/000098851/

José P. Laurel

AKA José Paciano Laurel y García

Born: 9-Mar-1891
Birthplace: Tanauan, Batangas, Philippines
Died: 6-Nov-1959
Cause of death: unspecified


Gender: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Head of State

Nationality: Philippines
Executive summary: 3rd President of the Philippines

Father: Sotero Laurel
Mother: Jacoba Garcia
Wife: Pacencia Hidalgo (nine children)
Son: Jose B. Laurel, Jr. (Speaker)
Son: Salvador P. Laurel (Philippines Vice President)
Son: Sotero H. Laurel (Philippines Senator)


Law School: University of the Philippines (1915)
University: Escuela de Derecho (1919)
University: Yale University (1920)


President of the Philippines 14-Oct-1943 to 17-Aug-1945 (Japanese rule)
Murder (as a teenager, indicted, acquitted)
Treason 132 counts (amnestied)
Assassination Attempt 1943 (shot twice)
Shot 1943

http://www.nndb.com/people/154/000098857/

Manuel L. Quezon

Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (b. August 19, 1878 in Baler, Aurora, Philippines - d. August 1, 1944 in Saranac Lake, New York, United States) was the first Filipino president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under U.S. occupation rule in the early period of the 20th century. He is also considered by most Filipinos, as the second President, after Emilio Aguinaldo (whose administration did not receive international recognition at the time and is not considered the first Philippine president by the United States). He has the distinction of being the first Senate President elected to the presidency, the first president elected through a national election, and was also the first incumbent to secure re-election (for a partial second term, later extended, due to amendments to the 1935 Constitution). He is known as the "Father of the National Language".

Early life and career

Manuel L. Quezon, a Spanish mestizo[citation needed], was born in Baler, Tayabas (now found at Aurora). His parents were Lucio Quezon and Maria Dolores Molina. While serving as aide-de-camp to Emilio Aguinaldo (he had been a Lieutenant, then a Major, in the Bataan sector during the retreat and surrender in 1901), he fought with Filipino nationalists in the Philippine-American War.
He received his primary education from his mother (a Spanish mestiza, and school teacher in their home town) and tutors (his father, a Chinese mestizo from Paco, Manila, was a Sergeant in the Spanish Army), and later boarded at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran where he completed secondary school. After the war, he completed Law at the University of Santo Tomas and passed the bar examinations in 1903, placing fourth. He worked for a time as a clerk and surveyor, entering government service as an appointed fiscal for Mindoro and later Tayabas. He became a councilor and was elected governor of Tayabas in 1906 as an independent. In 1907, he was elected to the first Philippine Assembly, where he served as majority floor leader and chairman of the committee on appropriations. From 1909-1916, he served as one of the Philippines' two resident commissioners to the U.S. House of Representatives, lobbying for the passage of the Philippine Autonomy Act or Jones Law.

Senate Presidency and Independence Missions

He was elected senator in 1916 and became Senate President, serving continuously until 1935 (19 years). He headed the first Independence Mission to the U.S. Congress in 1919, and brought home the Tydings-McDuffie Independence Law in 1934.

While in the United States, he personally met Napoleon Hill and was inspired to continue seeking the Independence of the Philippines.

Presidency

In 1935 Quezon won the Philippine's first national presidential election under the banner of the Nacionalista Party. He obtained nearly 68% of the vote against his two main rivals, Emilio Aguinaldo and Bishop Gregorio Aglipay. Quezon was inaugurated in November, 1935. He is recognized as the second President of the Philippines. However, in January of 2008, Congressman Rodolfo Valencia of Oriental Mindoro filed a bill seeking instead to declare General Miguel Malvar as the second Philippine President, having directly succeeded Aguinaldo in 1901

Quezon had originally been barred by the Philippine constitution from seeking re-election. However, in 1940, constitutional amendments were ratified allowing him to seek re-election for a fresh term ending in 1943. In the 1941 presidential elections, Quezon was re-elected over former Senator Juan Sumulong with nearly 82% of the vote.

In a notable humanitarian act, Quezon, in cooperation with United States High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt, facilitated the entry into the Philippines of Jewish refugees fleeing fascist regimes in Europe. Quezon was also instrumental in promoting a project to resettle the refugees in Mindanao.

Administration, Cabinet, and Supreme Court appointments 1935-1941

President Quezon was given the power under the reorganization act, to appoint the first all-Filipino Supreme Court of the Philippines in 1935. From 1901 to 1935, although a Filipino was always appointed chief justice, the majority of the members of the Supreme Court were Americans. Complete Filipinization was achieved only with the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. Claro M. Recto and Jose P. Laurel were among Quezon's first appointees to replace the American justices. The membership in the Supreme Court increased to 11: a chief justice and ten associate justices, who sat en banc or in two divisions of five members each.

Ramon Avanceña – 1935 (Chief Justice) – 1935-1941
Jose Abad Santos – 1935
Claro M. Recto 1935 – 1936
Jose P. Laurel – 1935
Jose Abad Santos (Chief Justice) – 1941-1942

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon

Emilio Aguinaldo


General Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role in Philippine independence during the Philippine Revolution against Spain and the Philippine-American War that resisted American occupation. He eventually pledged his allegiance to the US government.

In the Philippines, Aguinaldo is considered to be the country's first and the youngest Philippine President, though his government failed to obtain any foreign recognition.

Early life and career

The seventh of eight children of Crispulo Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy, he was born into a Filipino family on March 22, 1869 in Cavite El Viejo (now Kawit), Cavite province. His father was gobernadorcillo (town head), and, as members of the Chinese-mestizo minority, they enjoyed relative wealth and power.

As a young boy, Aguinaldo received basic education from his great-aunt and later attended the town's elementary school. In 1880, he took up his secondary course education at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, which he quit on his third year to return home instead to help his widowed mother manage their farm.

At the age of 17, Emilio was elected cabeza de barangay of Binakayan, the most progressive barrio of Cavite El Viejo. He held this position serving for his town-mates for eight years. He also engaged in inter-island shipping, travelling as far south as the Sulu Archipelago.

In 1893, the Maura Law was passed to reorganize town governments with the aim of making them more effective and autonomous, changing the designation of town head from gobernadorcillo to capitan municipal effective 1895. On January 1, 1895, Aguinaldo was elected town head, becoming the first person to hold the title of capitan municipal of Cavite El Viejo.

Family

His first marriage was in 1896 with Hilaria Del Rosario (1877-1921). They had five children (Miguel, Carmen, Emilio Jr., Maria and Cristina). His second wife was Maria Agoncillo

Several of Aguinaldo's descendants became prominent political figures in their own right. A grandnephew, Cesar Virata, served as Prime Minister of the Philippines from 1981 to 1986. Aguinaldo's granddaughter, Ameurfina Melencio Herrera, served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1979 until 1992. His great-grandson, Joseph Emilio Abaya, was elected House of Representatives to the 13th and 14th Congress, representing the 1st District of Cavite. The present mayor of Kawit, Cavite, Reynaldo Aguinaldo, is a grandson of the former president, while the vice-mayor, Emilio "Orange" Aguinaldo IV, is a great-grandson.


Philippine Revolution

In 1895, Aguinaldo joined the Katipunan rebellion, a secret organization then led by Andrés Bonifacio (whom later was killed by Lazaro Macapagal, upon Aguinaldo's orders), dedicated to the expulsion of the Spanish and independence of the Philippines through armed force. He joined as a lieutenant under Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo and rose to the rank of general in a few months. 30,000 members of the Katipunan launched an attack against the Spanish colonizers in the same week. Only one general, Emilio Aguinaldo, successfully launched an attack with his troops. With the Katipunan, he helped the Philippines erupt in revolt against the Spaniards in 1896. He won major victories in Cavite Province, temporarily driving the Spanish out of the area. However, renewed Spanish military pressure compelled the rebels to restructure their forces in a more cohesive manner. The insulated fragmentation that had aided the Katipunan's secrecy had outlived its usefulness. In open war, unified leadership was required.

Bonifacio presided over the Tejeros Convention in Tejeros, Cavite (deep in Aguinaldo territory) to elect a revolutionary government in place of the Katipunan on March 22, 1897. Away from his power base, Bonifacio unexpectedly lost the leadership to Aguinaldo, and was elected instead to the office of Secretary of the Interior. Even this was questioned by an Aguinaldo supporter, claiming Bonifacio had not the necessary schooling for the job. Insulted, Bonifacio declared the Convention null and void, and sought to return to his power base in Rizal. Bonifacio was charged, tried and found guilty of treason (in absentia) by a Cavite military tribunal. Bonifacio was sentenced to death. He and his party were intercepted by Aguinaldo's men, with violence that left Bonifacio mortally wounded. Aguinaldo confirmed the death sentence, and the dying Bonifacio was hauled to the mountains of Maragondon in Cavite, and executed on May 10, 1897, even as Aguinaldo and his forces were retreating in the face of Spanish assault.

Biak-na-Bato

Spanish pressure intensified, eventually forcing Aguinaldo's forces to retreat to the mountains. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo signed the treaty of Biak-na-Bato, which specified that the Spanish would give self-rule to the Philippines within 3 years if Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was exiled. On December 14, 1897, Aguinaldo was shipped to Hong Kong. Under the pact, Aguinaldo agreed to end hostilities as well in exchange for amnesty and "$800,000 (Mexican)" (Aguinaldo's description of the amount)[2][3] as an indemnity. Aguinaldo took the money offered. Emilio Aguinaldo was President and Mariano Trias (Vice President). Other officials included Antonio Montenegro for Foreign Affairs, Isabelo Artacho for the Interior, Baldomero Aguinaldo for the Treasury, and Emiliano Riego de Dios for War.

However, thousands of other Katipuneros continued to fight the Revolution against Spain for a sovereign nation. Unlike Aguinaldo who came from a privileged background, the bulk of these fighters were peasants and workers who were not willing to settle for 'indemnities.'

In early 1898, war broke out between Spain and the United States. Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines in May 1898. He immediately resumed revolutionary activities against the Spaniards, now receiving verbal encouragement from emissaries of the United States.


Philippine-American War


On the night of February 4, 1899, a Filipino was shot by an American sentry as he crossed the Silencio Street, Sta. Mesa, Manila. This incident is considered the beginning of the Philippine-American War, and open fighting soon broke out between American troops and pro-independence Filipinos. Superior American firepower drove Filipino troops away from the city, and the Malolos government had to move from one place to another.

Aguinaldo led resistance to the Americans, then retreated to northern Luzon with the Americans on his trail. On June 2, 1899, a telegram from Aguinaldo was received by Gen. Antonio Luna, an arrogant but brilliant general and looming rival in the military hierarchy, ordering him to proceed to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija for a meeting at the Cabanatuan Church Convent. However, treachery was afoot, as Aguinaldo felt the need to rid himself of this new threat to power. Three days later (June 5), when Luna arrived, he learned Aguinaldo was not at the appointed place. As Gen. Luna was about to depart, he was shot, then stabbed to death by Aguinaldo's men. Luna was later buried in the churchyard, and Aguinaldo made no attempt to punish or even discipline Luna's murderers.

Less than two years later, after the famous Battle of Tirad Pass and the death of his last most trusted general Gregorio del Pilar, Aguinaldo was captured in Palanan, Isabela on March 23, 1901 by US General Frederick Funston, with the help of Macabebe trackers (who saw Aguinaldo as a bigger problem than the Americans). The American task force gained access to Aguinaldo's camp by pretending to be captured prisoners.

Funston later noted Aguinaldo's "dignified bearing", "excellent qualities," and "humane instincts." Of course, Funston was writing this after Aguinaldo had volunteered to swear fealty to the United States, if only his life was spared. Aguinaldo pledged allegiance to America on April 1, 1901, formally ending the First Republic and recognizing the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippines. Nevertheless, many others (like Miguel Malvar and Macario Sakay) continued to resist the American occupation.


U.S. Occupation

During the United States occupation, Aguinaldo organized the Asociación de los Veteranos de la Revolución (Association of Veterans of the Revolution), which worked to secure pensions for its members and made arrangements for them to buy land on installment from the government.
When the American government finally allowed the Philippine flag to be displayed in 1919, Aguinaldo transformed his home in Kawit into a monument to the flag, the revolution and the declaration of Independence. His home still stands, and is known as the Aguinaldo Shrine.
Aguinaldo retired from public life for many years. In 1935, when the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established in preparation for Philippine independence, he ran for president but lost by a landslide to fiery Spanish mestizo Manuel L. Quezon. The two men formally reconciled in 1941, when President Quezon moved Flag Day to June 12, to commemorate the proclamation of Philippine independence.

Aguinaldo again retired to private life, until the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in World War II. He cooperated with the Japanese, making speeches, issuing articles and infamous radio addresses in support of the Japanese — including a radio appeal to Gen. Douglas MacArthur on Corregidor to surrender in order to spare the innocence of the Filipino youth.
After the Americans retook the Philippines, Aguinaldo was arrested along with several others accused of collaboration with the Japanese. He was held in Bilibid prison for months until released by presidential amnesty. In his trial, it was eventually deemed that his collaboration with the Japanese was probably made under great duress, and he was released.
Aguinaldo lived to see independence granted to the Philippines July 4, 1946, when the United States Government marked the full restoration and recognition of Philippine sovereignty. He was 93 when President Diosdado Macapagal officially changed the date of independence from July 4 to June 12, 1898, the date Aguinaldo believed to be the true Independence Day. During the independence parade at the Luneta, the 93-year old general carried the flag he raised in Kawit.


Post-American era


In 1950, President Elpidio Quirino appointed Aguinaldo as a member of the Council of State, where he served a full term. He returned to retirement soon after, dedicating his time and attention to veteran soldiers' interests and welfare.

He was given Doctor of Laws, Honoris Causa by the University of the Philippines in 1953.

In 1962, when the United States rejected Philippine claims for the destruction wrought by American forces in World War II, president Diosdado Macapagal changed the celebration of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12. Aguinaldo rose from his sickbed to attend the celebration of independence 64 years after he declared it.

Aguinaldo died on February 6, 1964 of coronary thrombosis at the Veterans Memorial Hospital in Quezon City. He was 94 years old. His remains are buried at the Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite. When he died, he was the last surviving non-royal head of state (self-proclaimed) to have served in the 19th century.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo